Derivation and Validation of a Machine Learning Algorithm for Predicting Venous Thromboembolism in Injured Children.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-2023

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) causes significant morbidity in pediatric trauma patients. We applied machine learning algorithms to the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database to develop and validate a risk prediction model for VTE in injured children.

METHODS: Patients ≤18 years were identified from TQIP (2017-2019, n = 383,814). Those administered VTE prophylaxis ≤24 h and missing the outcome (VTE) were removed (n = 347,576). Feature selection identified 15 predictors: intubation, need for supplemental oxygen, spinal injury, pelvic fractures, multiple long bone fractures, major surgery (neurosurgery, thoracic, orthopedic, vascular), age, transfusion requirement, intracranial pressure monitor or external ventricular drain placement, and low Glasgow Coma Scale score. Data was split into training (n = 251,409) and testing (n = 118,175) subsets. Machine learning algorithms were trained, tested, and compared.

RESULTS: Low-risk prediction: For the testing subset, all models outperformed the baseline rate of VTE (0.15%) with a predicted rate of 0.01-0.02% (p < 2.2e

HIGH-RISK PREDICTION: All models outperformed baseline with a predicted rate of VTE ranging from 1.13 to 1.32% (p < 2.2e

CONCLUSION: We developed a predictive model that differentiates injured children for development of VTE with high discrimination and can guide prophylaxis use.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic, Level II.

TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective, Cross-sectional.

Publication Title

Journal of pediatric surgery

Volume

58

Issue

6

First Page

1200

Last Page

1205

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