Impact of Pre-Existing Mental Health Disorders on Post-Transplant Mental Health and Substance Use Outcomes

Document Type

Abstract

Publication Date

11-1-2025

Abstract

Background: Mental health disorders (MHD), such as depression and anxiety, are prevalent among organ transplant recipients, with rates significantly exceeding those in the general population. These conditions are associated with poorer outcomes, yet the relationship between pre-existing MHD and post-transplant mental health and substance use outcomes remains underexplored. This study investigates whether pre-existing MHD impacts these outcomes to inform interventions that improve long-term health for transplant recipients. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted using the TriNetX Database, encompassing data from 485,536 organ transplant recipients from 69 U.S.-based healthcare organizations (2014–2024). Patients were stratified into two cohorts based on the presence (Cohort 1) or absence (Cohort 2) of pre-transplant MHD, defined as diagnoses of sleep disorders, major depressive disorder, or anxiety. Propensity score matching was applied to balance demographic variables. Outcomes included post-transplant mental health conditions and substance use disorders, assessed through ICD-10 codes. Logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs), respectively. Results: After matching, each cohort included 141,683 patients. Cohort 1 demonstrated significantly higher risks for post-transplant mental health conditions, including dysthymic disorder (OR: 9.911; HR: 8.60) and PTSD (OR: 14.794; HR: 12.82). Substance use disorders, such as alcohol-related disorders (OR: 2.15; HR: 2.15), were also more prevalent in Cohort 1. While odds ratios for mental health conditions were notably high, substance use disorders exhibited more moderate increases. Conclusions: Pre-existing MHD significantly elevates the risk of adverse mental health and substance use outcomes post-transplant. These findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive mental health assessments and interventions as standard components of pre- and post-transplant care. Addressing these risks through targeted strategies can enhance the quality of life and long-term outcomes for transplant recipients.

Publication Title

Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry

Volume

66

Issue

Supplement

First Page

S165

Last Page

S165

Comments

Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Conference held 2025-11-19 to 2025-11-22 in San Antonio, TX, USA.

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